GLOSSARY
ACTIVITY BASED COSTING (ABS)
An accounting system that measures the cost and performance of specific activities performed within the organization. For example, an ABC methodology can measure the cost incurred by the accounts receivable department in answering calls for billing errors, while the traditional accounting approach ignores activity and measures the cost of the accounts receivable department as a percentage of recipe.
ACCESSORIAL (AC)
Shipowner services complementary to transport services (eg sorting, packaging or wrapping, pre-cooling, heating and storage).
AFRETAMENTO
Afretamento é a contratação de navio realizada diretamente com um armador, normalmente para transporte de carga exclusiva, que não encontra em navios de linha regular o espaço suficiente, ou frete desejado, portos de embarque ou desembarque pretendidos;
AGENT
Person / Company authorized to conduct business by and on behalf of another person / company.
ACT OF GOD
Natural event that is beyond human influence or control. It is said of acts of nature, including hurricanes, earthquakes, and floods. Important given to determine civil liability in cases of insurance and damages.
ARTIFICIAL TWEEN DECKS (ATD)
Artificial Tween Decks Forty feet long, eight feet wide, one foot thick steel deck with hardwood flooring. Equipped with ten eyebolts capable of lifting large cargo or loads with wheels.
BAY
Section of the vessel on which the containers are placed.
BAF (Bunker Adjustment Factor)
Surcharge that reflects fluctuations in the price of oil increases in freight costs.
BILL OF LADING (BL)
Legal document signed by or on behalf of the master, agents or shipowners. This is a written proof of the contract of sea and / or land transportation. This is a receipt for the goods (in the custody of the owner / shipowner or agent) and a charge to transport and deliver the goods safely to the agreed place, with the exception of maritime hazards, and states the terms of the contract of carriage.
BALTIC AND INTERNATIONAL MARITIME COUNCIL (B.I.M.C.O.)
The world’s largest private shipping organisation based in Copenhagen, which has been in operation since 1905. BIMCO promotes proper shipping practices and opposes objectionable and unfair import charges, claims, etc. It claims a worldwide membership of 2720, including ship-owners, managers, brokers, agents and others involved in the shipping industry. BIMCO holds observer status with a number of United Nations (UN) organs.
BAREBOAT CHARTER PARTY
The Bareboat charter Party is characterized by the use (leasing) of the vessel, for a certain time. The owner disposes of his ship to the bareboat charterer, which takes possession and control of it, by means of a hire, due in pre determined periods of time during the contract. It is a contract of use of the ship.
BOOKING
Registration of provisions for movement / transportation of goods by ship or other means of transport. Also known as a reservation request.
BUREAU VERITAS
Bureau Veritas S.A. (formerly BVQI, Bureau Veritas Quality International) is an International Certification Agency.
CABOTAGEM
Cabotage is the French term for the navigation between seaports of the same country, without losing sight of the coast.
CARGO DECLARATION AMENDMENT FEE (CAM)
A fee that covers the return of required information requested by the Customs, which occurs due to the request for correction made by the customer to the shipowner after sending the documentation to the local customs authority.
Importing countries in which the fee is charged: – European Union – Norway – Switzerland – United States – Canada – Puerto Rico – Mexico
COST, INSURANCE AND FREIGHT (CIF)
In this type of freight, the supplier is responsible for all costs and risks with the delivery of the goods, including shipping and freight insurance. This liability ends when the goods arrive at the port of landing designated by the buyer.
CHARTER PARTY
Chartering Contract by which the vessel is leased (wholly or in part) for one or more voyages or for a fixed period of time. Normally the Lessee maintains ownership and control rights while the charterer has the right to choose a port of call.
CHARTERING
Chartering is the contracting of a vessel carried out directly with a shipowner, usually for exclusive cargo transport, who does not find in the liner vessels sufficient space, or desired freight, intended shipment or landing port;
CONTAINER CLEANING FEE (CCL)
It is a fee charged to meet the extra costs of extra or special cleaning applicable in cases where the Container does not meet the standard cleaning criteria (inside and outside) when returned empty by the customer. This additional container cleaning service can also be carried out by a customer request
CONTAINER
a standardised reusable steel box used for the safe, efficient and secure storage and movement of materials and products within a global containerised intermodal freight transport system. For more information click here.
CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE SERVICE (CAS)
The Controlled Atmosphere (AC) rate covers the additional costs associated with supplying a Reefer refrigerated container with special controlled atmosphere for transportation. This type of Containers ensures the regulation of the gaseous mixture of oxygen and carbon dioxide and are offered in two different products: 1) Star Fresh: Active Controlled Atmosphere 2) Star Care: Passive Controlled Atmosphere (Passive CA). For more information, click here
CURRENCY ADJUSTMENT FACTOR (CAF)
It is a compensatory cost-sharing measure to reduce shipowner risks associated with currency fluctuations
DELIVERY
The physical and legal transfer of a shipment from the consignee to the shipowner and from the shipowner / agent to the consignee.
DELIVERY ORDER
An order from the consignee, shipowner or freight owner to a terminal operator, shipowner or warehouse to deliver the freight amount to another party.
DIFFERENTIAL
Value added or deducted from basic freight to create freight to or from somewhere else or via another route.
DIVERSION CHARGE
Rate to divert cargo from the original destination port to a new location.T
DOCK RECEIPT
Receipt provided by a shipment received or delivered on a dock. Once the delivery of a shipment from abroad has been completed, the shipowner receives the receipt from the dock that will be exchanged for the bill of lading.
DRAFT MARITIME
The depth at which the deepest point of a vessel is under water. Rail: Modal of railroad cars engaged. Financial: A written request signed by a party instructing another to pay the third specified amount. Also called an exchange invoice.
DRAYAGE
Ground transportation from the suppliers warehouse to the port of shipment, and from the port of landing to the packing point of the Container. Subsequently, freight is assumed for CY and CFS loads.
DRY DOCK
Used to send Vessels for repair.
DUNNAGE
Material used around loads to prevent breakage or displacement, usually provided by the owner. Your weight is included in the assessment.
EARNINGS
After taxes and expenses revenue from a company. Also known as net income or revenue.
ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE (EDI)
EDI stands for structured data exchange over a data network. The electronic movement of standard business documents between, or within, companies.
EIR
Equipment Exchange Receipt. A document used to receive or deliver a full or empty Container / chassis at any terminal or container yard / warehouse.
ESTIMATED TIME OF ARRIVAL (ETA)
Estimated time of arrival.
FEEDER
Means of transport used to conduct cargo from the main vessel to the final destination or from the first receiving port to the main vesseL.
FLOATING CRANES (FC)
Heavy-duty cranes that are capable of handling exceptionally heavy loads in cases where conventional cranes cannot be used.
FOR-HIRE CARRIERS (FH)
Persons or companies involved in the carriage of goods or passengers for a fee. Classified in two general categories: specialized and general Transport operators.
FREIGHT BILL (FB)
A document issued by the carrier based on the bill of lading and other information, used to account for a shipment operationally, statistically and financially.
FREIGHT FORWARDER (FF)
The party arranging the carriage of goods including connected services and/or associated formalities on behalf of a shipper or consignee. In addition, person acting as agent in the dispatch of cargo to / from foreign countries and transportation compensation through customs.
FREE ON BOARD (F.O.B.)
In this type of freight, the buyer assumes all the risks and costs with the cargo transportation, once it is placed on board the ship. At the supplier’s risk and expense, the goods are placed on the ship at the port of shipment designated by the importer.
FLAT CAR
Equipamento especial para transporte de viaturas.
GANTRY CRANE (G)
Rolling Bridge: Port crane used for loading and unloading Vessel containers; Can be positioned by moving along railway rails.
GRANEIS
Cargo which is not wrapped in any type of packaging. Granules are fillers that need to be individualized, subdividing into solid granules and liquid granules. For more information click here
HANGERTAINER
Specialized container with bars that serve to hang clothes on hangers.
INSTITUTE For MOBILITY AND TRANSPORTATION (IMT)
It is a public institute integrated in the indirect administration of the State, endowed with administrative and financial autonomy and its own patrimony. The IMT, I.P. inherited its attributions from the Road Infrastructures Institute, I.P., the Port and Maritime Transportation Institute, I.P. and the Emergency Planning Commission for Land Transport.
INTERNATIONAL MARITIME CONTROL ORGANISATION (IMCO)
For more information (Link to www.imo.com)
INCO TERMS
“Incoterms 2000” is the latest version of the standard ICC commercial definitions, these are generally known as “INCOterms”. The terms consist of 13 rules that are fundamental to international trade, which define the most important responsibilities of buyers and sellers in international sales contracts. Incoterms are a basic reference for sales contracts, recognized as the international standard by customs authorities and courts around the world. Since they were first published in 1936, the Incoterms – a commercially-registered ICC product – have been updated six times. For more information- (Link – www.iccwbo.org)
INSURANCE CERTIFICATE
Document that guarantees to the consignee that the insurance is provided to cover losses or damages in the loads while they are in transit.
A certificate issued by an insurer to a shipowner (or other third parties) as proof that a shipment of goods is covered by a certain maritime policy
INTERNATIONAL FREIGHT FORWARDERS
Freight forwarders who process bookings, documentation and export consolidation.
INVENTORY CARRYING COSTS
Generally, transportation costs or retention costs are financial parameters that calculate all costs associated with retention storage goods. Includes warehouse inventory, warehouse time, obsolescence, deterioration and labor costs as well as insurance and taxes.”
INVENTORY TURNOVER
The cost of goods sold divided by the average level of inventory at hand. The index that measures how many times a company’s inventory has been sold during the year.
INVENTORY VELOCITY
The speed at which goods are transferred from the receiving dock to the shipment dock.
ISA
Information System Agreement.
Leading organization among maritime transport operators that develops, promotes and implements e-commerce solutions for the sector.
ISO 9000
The term ISO 9000 refers to a set of technical standards which establish a model of quality management for organizations in general, whatever their type or size. ISO is a non-governmental organization founded in 1947 in Geneva and nowadays present in about 189 countries. Its function is to promote the standardization of products and services, so that their quality is permanently improved.
JUST-IN- TIME (JIT)
In this inventory method, warehousing is minimal or non-existent. The Container is the mobile warehouse and must arrive “just in time”, that is: not long before, not long after.
JOURNAL OF COMMERCE (JOC)
It is a sectoral publication specialized in transport.
LABEL CARGO
Cargoes, including all commodities which require a label, in accordance with the provisions of the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code.
LAND BRIDGE
Containers moving in a foreign country by ship and subsequently sent to a land point in the United States or other locality by land transportation (rail or road by truck). See also MLB.
LESS THAN CONTAINER LOAD (LCL)
Common term for the volume of goods to be shipped and which do not fully fill a Container. Maritime freight to LCL is usually larger than for closed containers. Thus, consolidating several LCL cargoes from different places or different shipowners into a single Container can save costs.
LNG CARRIER
Liquefied Natural Gas Carrier.
LOGISTICS
The management of cargo transport and information throughout the supply chain, from the origin of the raw material to the last customer of the finished product, comprising factories, assembly and packaging plants, distribution centers and points of sale retail.
LONGSHOREMAN
Worker loading and unloading a ship. Terminal operator that is designated to enable the operation of loading and unloading of vessels, as well as other terminal activities.
LT
Long Ton, 1 Long Ton = 2.240 pounds = 1,102 ton
LOAD MANIFESTO
Complete listing of all cargoes on board a vessel as required by the relevant local authorities (eg customs).
MOTHER VESSEL
Main sea vessel in the transport service designated to regularly transport Containers from the points of origin defined for defined ports / points of landing.
METRIC TON
Metric ton, 1 MT (metric ton) = 2,204.62 pounds (= 1,102 tons) or 35,314 cubic meters
NESTED
Three or more different sizes of the same item or merchandise that need to be wrapped, each smaller element within the subsequent major element, or three or more of the items that need to be arranged one inside the other, so that the top item does not project on the bottom item.
Not Otherwise Stated (NOS)
Not Declared Otherwise.
NOTIFY PARTY
Company / person that appears on the bill of lading or the guide to be notified when the cargo arrives at its destination. It may be distinct from the consignee; However, is generally the actual recipient of the commodity. The party designated as Notifyo has no rights (other than the notice itself) on the bill of lading.
ON DECK STOWAGE
Load stored on the deck of the vessel.
OPEN RATES
Rates established by each shipping operator. These rates are listed in a table, but may differ according to the carrier (shipowner).
ORDER CYCLE
Includes the time and process involved from order placement to shipment receipt. It includes the following processes: Communication and processing of the request, transportation of the merchandise.
OUTBOUND
Export shipments.
OUTPORT
Port of landing, other than a home port, to which the fees apply, but which may be subject to extra port arbitrations.
OVER LANDED
Cargo volume count higher than originally shipped or cargo carried beyond the original port of unloading.
PALLET
Wood structure used to support loads and facilitate their movement by forklifts.
PARTLOW CHART
A graph indicating the temperature reading in a Reefer.
PER DIEM
Daily.
PIER
A structure built away from the earth and extending some distance in the water, usually used to dock boats. Also known as pier or platform.
PILFERAGE
Stolen cargo from container, warehouse or terminal.
PLIMSOLL MARK
Depth in which a vessel can be safely loaded. Identified on the side of the vessel by a circle with a vertical line crossing, and a number of small horizontal lines showing the maximum depth for summer and winter.
POSITIONING
The movement of empty equipment from areas with surplus equipment to areas with disabilities.
QUICK RESPONSE (QR)
A consumer-oriented refueling system in which high-quality products and accurate information flows through a paperless (EDI) system between all distribution points from the manufacturing line to the final retail counter. Distributors, ship owners and suppliers act as business partners and focus on improving the total supply system.
QUAY
A wharf, berth or other structure built along the shore for loading and unloading ships.
QUITCLAIM
A legal instrument used to release the rights, title or interests of a person without providing a guarantee or certification of the title.
RATE AGREEMENT
Shipowners’ group discusses rates and problems in common with options to approve independent rates.
REGISTER TON
A unit of internal ship capacity.
1 Ton. Register Ton = 100 cubic feet or 2,832 cubic meters.
Also known as vessel ton.
RELAY
Maritime shipment that is transferred to your final destination port after being shipped to an intermediate point.
RETURN CARGO
Charge to be returned to the original pickup location.
REVENUE TON
Number of tonnes for which the transport is paid per tonne.
RO-RO (Roll on/Roll off).
Vessel used to transport cars and light trucks. The vehicles are driven in and out rather than loaded with cranes or other external equipment.
SEAWAYBILL
A type of bill of lading used for port-to-port or combined transport. A boarding pass is identical to a negotiable bill of lading, except it is not a document of title. There are no originals issued for this type of document. In some jurisdictions, such as in the US, a boarding pass is considered the equivalent of a consignment bill of lading (direct). See also “Waybill”.
SET POINT
Specific temperature at which a refrigerated Container (reefer) has been adjusted to maintain. Ideally, the set point and the effective temperature should be the same throughout the trip.
SHIPPER
Person who consignes something (eg the goods of a given shipment). Legal person or natural person named in the bill of lading as an exporter and / or as responsible (or on behalf of whom) for the contract of carriage. Also known as consignor.
SHIPPER PACKED
The contents of Containers as loaded (stuffed), stored (packed), weighed and / or counted by or for the exporter, usually a CY load.
SHIPPING ORDER
Reservation equivalent and contract of transportation that proves the contract to transport the goods.
SHORT LANDED
Load volume count (at delivery destination) lower than originally shipped.
SHORT SHIPPED
Charge which is no longer loaded on a ship to which it was originally intended.
STOCK KEEPING UNIT (SKU)
Smallest unit grouping for goods, usually indicating a single retail item. Generally, multiple SKUs are included under a purchase order.
SLOT CHARTER
Chartering a transport operator to purchase slots / spaces on the vessels of another transport operator.
SMDG
User Group for Shipping Lines and Container Terminals .
The SMDG develops and promotes UN / EDIFACT EDI messages for the maritime sector and is an official Pan European User Group recognized by the UN / EDIFACT Board.
SPECIAL RATE
Rate established for a specific commodity, for a certain period.
ST
1 Ton. Short (Ton) = 2,000 pounds
STC
Abbreviation for “Said To Contain”.
STORAGE CHARGE
Charge for goods held in storage facilities (warehouses or warehouses) under a fixed contract for periods of time and which is not included in another contract.
SURCHARGES
Fees added to ocean freight.
TARE WEIGHT
Weight of an empty Container. Gross weight = net weight + tare.
TARIFF
List of published tariffs, rules and regulations applicable to the carriage of goods on specified routes or between two regions.
TEU
Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit. Container capacity measure used by some institutions
1 FFE = 2 TEU
THROUGH RATES
A freight from point of origin to destination. An intermediate fare may be either a joint fare or a combination of two or more fares.
TRANSLOADING
Transfer of Containers from one vessel to another. Synonym of “Transshipment”.
UNIT COST
The cost associated with a single unit of the product; Is calculated based on the total cost of production of a good or service and divided by the number of units in the lot.
VESSEL TON
A unit of internal vessel capacity equal to 100 cubic feet or 2,832 cubic meters; Registered Ton.
VOLUME RATE
Rate applicable in association with a specified volume (weight) of freight for carriage.
VESSEL SHARING AGREEMENT (VSA)
A forward contract between two or more transport operators in which a number of Space equivalent slot positions are reserved on certain vessels for each of the participants. The number of slots in different vessels on the same route may differ by type of vessel and direction but may also be expressed as the capacity use of each part of the vessels employed together.
WAIVER
Document used to allow the carriage of cargo by flag vessels other than the flag of the vessels of the original destination country. Also used for government cargo where some vessels under certain flags cannot carry these shipments.
YEAR TO DATE (YTD)
Accumulated Exercise.
ZONATE
Marked with or arranged in zones.
